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Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) plays a vital role in ensuring the quality and integrity of welds. It involves a range of techniques that examine welds for defects without causing any damage to the material. This is crucial, especially in industries where safety and reliability are paramount, such as construction, aerospace, and manufacturing. 

Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, typically metals or thermoplastics, primarily by using high temperature to melt the parts together and allow them to cool, causing fusion. 

Liquid penetrant testing (LPT) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method used to detect surface-breaking flaws in materials. It's a relatively simple and cost-effective technique that relies on the principle of capillary action 

Magnetic Particle Testing (MPI) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method used to detect surface and near-surface flaws in ferromagnetic materials. It works by magnetizing the material and then applying fine ferromagnetic particles to the surface. 

Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method that uses high-frequency sound waves to detect and evaluate flaws or discontinuities within materials. It's similar to how sonar or medical ultrasound works. 

Radiographic testing (RT) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method that uses penetrating radiation, such as X-rays or gamma rays, to examine the internal structure of materials and components. It helps identify defects like cracks, voids, and inclusions that may compromise the integrity of the object.